摘要：
?重庆大足；全大额，??辖直市标债。??大足实业，总资产逾千亿、AA+评级、区域最大平台公司 ?《企央信托-10大号足实业PPN》?基要本素：300万：6... 
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?重庆大足；全大额，??辖直市标债。
??大足实业，总资产逾千亿、AA+评级、区域最大平台公司
?《企央信托-10大号足实业PPN》
?基要本素：300万：6.8%/2年/年付度息
?资用金途：23足大发展PPN002
?行发人：大足实业 ，区国资委100%控股，足大区一第大平台，AA+公募债主体；总资产1008.68亿，债负率低至50.4%；作为大足重最要的平台，地方持支力度大，经营状良况好，以银行和债券融资为主，债务结健构康，偿债力能非常强。
?【区域】重庆，四大辖直市之一，济经总量2022年过超广州，高全居国第四，财政收入居全国第六；大足区，是庆重主连城接都成的头桥堡，2022年GDP高达817.12亿元，公共预算收入42.98亿元，在重庆38个区县排中第11名，且地方负债率不足20%，偿还意愿和力能非常强。
央企信托-10大号足实业PPN
信托定融政信知识：
路基施工是基础环节，路基施工的基本要求是确保结构稳定因此必须规范施工方案、严格施工程序，保证工程质量
本文简要介绍了城市道理路基施工的施工工序，分析了路基施工的主要方法，以期能够为做好此类工作提供有益借鉴
关键词：城市道路；路基施工；质量控制 城市道路的路基是道路工程的重要组成部分，在施工过程中，其施工质量的优劣直接关系到整个道路工程的质量
在道路设计阶段，设计单位应当严格按照《城市道路设计规范》对施工道路进行规划设计，在道路施工阶段，施工单位与工程监理单位则应当根据《城市道路路基工程施工及验收规范》及《市政道路工程质量检验评定标准》组织施工和严格监理，以此确保工程质量
1.市政道路路基的主要施工方法 城市道路路基的施工基本上可分为如下几种方法: 1.1人工施工 该方法是以使用手工工具为主，工作效率低、劳动强度大，施工质量难以保证
随着科学技术的不断发展，人工施工已经不是主流，但是在一些居民小区等一些低级别道路的施工过程中仍然使用人工施工，其主要优势在于便于在狭小的区域开展施工，更加方便灵活，在具体实践中多配合机械施工一同进行
1.2简单设备施工 人力是这种施工策略的基础，同时辅之以简单施工设备展开
和人工施工技术相比，简单设备施工策略能在促进施工效率提升的同时将劳动强度有效减轻
截止目前，此法依旧属于路基工程施工实践中应用比较普遍的一种施工手段
1.3机械设备或综合机械设备施工 主、辅机械设备配套是此类施工方法的基础，可以让施工工序整体机械化
加快工程施工进度，减少劳动强度，保障工程质量，提升施工效率，减少工程造价，保障施工安全，扩大工程社会效益与经济效益是此法的现实优势
此法直接决定着道路工程建设的进度与施工现代化目标能否实现
1.4爆破法施工 隧道工程、淤泥排除、石料开采、冻土松动及石质路堑开挖等均可采用此法
路堑开挖土方能通过定向爆破技术向低洼处抛投、填方，桩基的扩孔爆破、挤压爆破能有效处理软土地基
1.5水力设备施工 此法实质上就是通过水泵、水等水力设备将强力水流迅速、强劲的喷射出来，对需挖土层进行持续不断的冲击，并且就此让冲刷而下的泥土随水流流至指定部位、沉淀
所挖土层相对集中、松散且电源、水源相对充足的土方工程适宜采用此法，地基加固、砂料采集、地下工程钻孔也可采用水力设备施工
水沉积法主要是指通过强力水流冲击砂砾，以此来满足基坑回填或路堤填筑需要，密实基坑或路堤
究竟应采用前述几种施工策略中的哪一种，必需基于各种不同因素（施工条件、工程质量要求、工期的长短、工程量的大小、当地气候条件与地质条件、工程性质等）来确定，也就是说，必需要在整体分析、比较、论证经济和技术因素基础上完成最理想的施工方案确定，当然还可以从施工所在地的客观条件入手将前述数种施工技术同时采用，相互配合，取长补短，确保施工的针对性，在此基础上进行施工
2.市政道路路基施工的质量控制 2.1施工前的准备工作 在正式施工前，作为施工单位，需要做的工作主要包括人员准备、技术准备、机械准备、材料准备等基础性工作，并提前做好施工场地清理和临时工程的修建工作；作为监理单位，需要做的准备工作包括监理人员入场、组建监理组织、准备监理设备、熟悉合同内容、现场检查、了解施工环境和制作监理图表等
2.2路基土石方工程 路基的土石方工程量约占道路总工程量的三分之二左右，是路基工程的重要构成，制约着道路工程的工期，主要包括包括填筑路堤、开挖路堑、路基压实、路基修整、特殊路基土的处理、石方路基爆破、路基施工排水、路基防护与加固等
在具体施工环节，应当进行科学的施工规划，做好施工前的准备工作，充分运用先进的施工方法和技术进行施工，并在施工过程中注意施工安全
2.3修建人工构筑物 人工构筑物的修建一方面是为了方便施工，另一方面是为了满足基本的功能需要
具体主要包括小型桥梁、挡土墙、涵洞和道路以下的各种管线、井、室等
通常情况下，需要遵循先地下后地上的顺序进行施工，避免地上修建完成后再去进行破坏，有利于节约成本
构筑物的修建要与路基土石方工程同时进行施工，但应当提前竣工，然后再进行路基土石方工程的全线施工
2.4路基工程的质量检查与验收 施工过程中，每道工序结束后，都应当及时进行验收，从而确保整改工程的施工质量
假如发现存在不符合标准的问题，应当及时督促施工方加以纠正，直至检验合格办理验收手续后方可进入下一阶段的施工；工程交验环节包括自检、互检、专检三个步骤，同时保留施工交接时的档案资料，保证标高、坡度等参数数据和其他检测数据完整
如果将路基工程视为单独项目实施验收，还要提供完整的竣工图纸、路基压实步骤检测记录、更改位置详图等
在施工过程中，对临时更改结构或隐藏工程，要将其剖面图和结构图绘制清楚，并标注更换使用的土质或材料的规格和标号，方便以后抽验检查
如果材料缺失或有错误，要补充完整或更改正确后再进行验收
路基工程验收环节，对每一步骤都有明确的验收标准，施工单位、监理单位和相关管理部门，应当严格按照相关规范的标准进行施工监理或验收，以确保工程的质量
3.结语 综上所述，从技术难度上来看，道路路基施工技术难度并不大，但由于所面临的环境比较复杂，例如交通流量影响大、施工场地狭小等，且施工环节较多，因此施工中会受到不同环境条件的制约
在具体的施工过程中，只有注意加强施工管理，严格控制施工标准，才能充分保障路基的施工质量，建设高质量的公路工程
参考文献： 【1】胡家杰.刍议城市道路工程的质量控制【J】.赤子(上中旬),2014(21):334. 【2】刘秀丽,李江红,李静.市政道路桥梁工程施工质量问题分析与预防【J】.科技与企业,2013(05):44. 【3】朱友军.市政道路路基填筑施工技术探讨【J】.江西建材,2016(21):166. 【4】陈桂林.市政道路工程施工方法与质量控制【J】.科技资讯,2018,16(07):254+256. 致使孔内充满积水，孔被淹没
淹孔，孔内坠物，坍孔，中毒或窒息，触电事故时有发生
Summary: large inflows of groundwater or surface water artificial knockout holes in the resulting hole filled with stagnant water, hole was submerged. Flooded hole, hole, collapse, intoxication or choking, electric shock accidents occur. 关键字: 人工挖孔桩 质量措施 安全措施 淹孔 塌孔 Keywords: manual hole knockout flooded hole pile quality measures security measures falling 引言：大量地下水或地表水流入人工挖孔桩孔内，致使孔内充满积水，孔被淹没
淹孔，孔内坠物，坍孔，中毒或窒息，触电事故时有发生
针对上述不安全状况特制定如下措施： 一 安全措施 安全措施如下： 1排水 淹孔
这种情况发生在大量地下水或地表水流入孔内，致使孔内充满积水，孔被淹没
对于地表水，主要是暴雨季节，孔周又无挡水措施，且排水不及时所致，尤其晚上不连续作业，更易发生
为此，应在孔周用砖墙砌成临时挡水结构或堆土将孔口标高抬高，不使地表水流入孔内
对渗流水，首先要掌握地质资料，有无可能与江河贯通，如果有高透水层，应配置足够的排水设备
沿海地区如受潮汐影响，还应考虑潮位的升高而需增加必要的设备
如经计算，确实渗水量很大，必要时可打设隔水钢板桩或进行注泵处理
大量抽水还应注意两个问题:一是管涌，即在孔底随着渗流水的排出
有大量细颗粒被带入孔内，使孔内排出工作量增大，甚至靠人工挖土跟不上进土的速度
二是大量土颗粒的带入，导致孔外地面沉降，危及临近建筑物或地面交通
为此可适当地回灌一部分水或减少同时施工的挖孔桩数量
2安全帽 孔内坠物
这是常常发生的故事
孔内施工人员必须备带安全帽，孔外应有专人监护，进行垂直运输，需上下呼应，地面上的操作人员应为孔内人员着想，尽可能创造安全的施工条件
作业临时停止时，在孔口必须有盖子，防止人员从孔口掉入孔内
3安全培训 坍孔
最易造身事故
坍孔原因很多
开挖面暴露时间过长；每段护圈混凝土分段过高，致使开挖面过高，挖孔被水浸泡，渗水严重等均会造成坍孔
对于施工人员的培训，以及派有一定挖孔桩经验的操作人员作业是很重要的
一个有经验的操作工，能准确判断有无能坍孔并采取相应的措施
当遇到极差土层，来不及支模浇注护圈混凝土时，对这种个别情况，可用钢制护圈替代混凝土护圈，以及达到几十支护
对于当天已挖完土的该段护圈，必须将混凝土浇注完，不应放到第二天
4通风 中毒或窒息
挖孔桩施工前，必须对地层中的有毒气体作充分的调研，尤其是甲烷、一氧化碳、煤气（主要调研附近有无煤气管道）等有毒气体，必要时应带防毒面具进行作业
当孔内有操作人员作业时，应有足够的、清新的空气送入
鼓风机最好是电动的，如用柴油作动力，宜对送入孔内的空气先予以过滤，为防万一出现事故，孔内应设置急救电梯，工地上要配制简单有效地吸氧设备
5绝缘服，绝缘靴 触电事故
对常用电器、电缆，应经常检查，防止断裂或走电
操作人员到孔内作业应穿行橡胶靴，杜绝一切触电事故
二质量保证措施 质量保证措施如下： 1挖土成孔时，孔的垂直度或称每段护圈的同心度应予确保，为此，应由技术熟练的操作工作人员下孔挖土，经常复核孔的中心位置（可由地面吊垂球至孔底）
护圈的壁厚只能大不能小，也即挖土宁可往外多挖一些，以保证有足够的壁厚
2竖向钢筋宜上下相扣，犹如发夹相连
一旦该段护圈外的摩阻减小（当周围地层发生沉降而造成的负摩阻，常会引起摩阻减小），尚可借钢筋的拉力，不致使护圈整体下滑
3护圈的模板应支护牢靠，不易产生变形
同时也要便于拆装，有条件时，尽可能用钢模
4浇注混凝土时宜用插棒或锤来敲击模板，以使混凝土达到密实
如用振动器振实混凝土，往往会扰动土壤甚至挤出地下水，常使混凝土掉入土块或使混凝土中的水泥浆流失，都会降低混凝土的质量
为防止每段护圈混凝土接缝处渗水，下段混凝土顶面应超出上段混凝土的底面，也即确保上节混凝土护圈能插入一部分到下段
5护圈混凝土的模板不能过早拆除，至少要保证一天，使混凝土强度不低于10MPa为好
6挖孔到设计标高后，应将孔底面层的虚土铲除，必要时要施以夯击
如是爆破开挖，应将孔底松动的岩石清除，经各方验孔后方可浇注桩体混凝土
如果周壁土质较好，无大量渗水，最后一段护圈混凝土可不浇注，该段作为桩体一部分与桩体同时浇注，对整根桩的受力性能是有力的
7桩体混凝土浇注时必须做到大量地下水渗入，混凝土应通过窜筒下到孔底，当不能排除大量渗水时，可用水下灌注混凝土方法施工桩体混凝土（当渗水量超过0.3L/s时，常用此法）
结束语：此外，在各作业班组进入工地后正式上岗作业前，项目部必须对班组职工进行“三级”安全教育（班组教育、项目部教育、企业安全管理教育），并建立教育记录挡卡；如果由于安全技术交底不清楚、不全面，职工发生工伤事故，必须追究教育或交底人的责任
Introduction of manual knockout pile quality and safety measures should be a two-pronged approach Panjin traffic construction co, Ltd Li Wenqing Summary: Large inflows of groundwater or surface water Manual knockout Holes in the resulting hole filled with stagnant water, hole was submerged. Flooded hole, hole, collapse, intoxication or choking, electric shock accidents occur. Keywords : Manual knockout Quality safety flooded hole hole collapse Introduction: excessive ground water or surface water inflow Manual knockout Holes in the resulting hole is filled with stagnant water hole was submerged. Flooded hole, hole, collapse, intoxication or suffocation, electric shock accidents occurred frequently. Against insecurity develop the above the following measures: Security measures Security measures are as follows: 1Drainage Flooded hole. This occurs in a large number of groundwater or surface water into the holes in the hole is filled with stagnant water, hole was submerged. For surface water, mainly is the storm season, Kong Zhou was not retaining water, and drainage is not timely, especially lack of continuous operations at night, more likely to occur. To do this, structure about the hole with brick built temporary retaining water or soil elevation elevation hole, no surface water into the hole. On seepage water, we must first acquire geological information, the possibility and the rivers run through, if you have highly permeable strata, adequate drainage device should be configured. In coastal areas such as under the influence of the tides, you should also consider the rise of tide level and the need for additional equipment necessary for this. If it is calculated, does a high water volume, if necessary, steel sheet pile or injection pump located water treatment. Large pump should also pay attention to two issues : first, piping, that is, at the end of the hole as the discharge of seepage water. There are a large number of fine particles are brought into the holes in the hole out of the increased workload, or even by artificial excavation without aggressive ground speed. Second, a large number of soil particles into, resulting in land subsidence outside the hole, threatening the nearby structure or surface transportation. This part can properly recharge water or reducing at the same time the number of hole-digging pile construction. 2Safety helmet Hole. This story is often occur. Hole construction personnel must be brought up in a helmet, outside the hole should have the specialist care, vertical transportation, you echoed up and down, action should be a hole in the personnel on the ground, as far as possible creating safe conditions of construction. When the job temporarily stopped, in a orifice must have a lid to prevent people from opening out into the hole. 3Security training The collapse. Most likely to cause personal injury. Many causes collapse. Face exposed for too long concrete segment of each paragraph separator is too high, which face high, digging holes is immersed in water, water will cause a collapse such as serious. For the training of construction workers, have some hole-digging pile and experience of the operator's job is very important. An experienced operator can determine accurately the inability to collapse and take the appropriate measures. When it comes to very poor soil, too late to die when concrete pouring retaining ring, for this particular case, available steel retaining ring instead of concrete retaining ring, as well as at dozens of support. Have dug up soil of the ring the same day, you must set the concrete pouring out, should not be put into the next day. 4Ventilation Poisoning or choking. Before digging hole pile construction, must be a full investigation of the formation of toxic gases, in particular methane, carbon monoxide, gas (no gas pipe near the main research) and other toxic gases, necessary, operation with gas masks. When the holes have operator jobs, there should be adequate, clean air into. Best blower is electric, diesel power, should be fed into the hole on the air to be filtered, for the event of an accident prevention, holes should be set first aid elevator, site preparation on simple and effective oxygen equipment. 5Insulated clothing, boots Electric shock accident. For commonly used appliances, cable, should be inspected regularly to prevent breakage or go electric. Operations staff to the holes in the job through rubber boots, no electric shock accident. B quality assurance measures Quality assurance measures are as follows: 1When digging into the hole, the verticality of the hole or retaining ring of concentric degree of each paragraph should be to ensure that, to that end, hole digging under the skilled operations staff should be, regular review of hole Center location (by hanging vertical ground ball to the end of the hole). Separator thickness only cannot be small, or digging out would rather dig a little more, to ensure that there are sufficient wall thickness. 2Up and down vertical reinforcing steel bar should be interwoven, as if it were attached to hair clips. Once the nurse outside of the circle friction reduces the paragraph (when the surrounding ground settlement occurred as a result of negative frictional resistance, often causing friction reducing), can take tension of steel bars, no separator overall decline. 3Separator template should support the ideas, not easily deformed. As well as to facilitate disassembly and Assembly, when steel die as possible. 4Pour concrete up to with a plunger or a hammer to tap the template, to the concrete to achieve compactness. Such as vibrators inspires the solid concrete, may be disturbed soils, or even out of the groundwater industry often push into kindling in concrete or concrete out of the cement paste loss will reduce the quality of concrete. Per paragraph separator to prevent water seepage in concrete joints, lower concrete of concrete on top should go beyond the bottom, ensuring that concrete retaining ring part can be inserted on to the next paragraph. 5Separator templates cannot be prematurely demolition of concrete, to ensure at least one day, the concrete strength of not less than 10MPaFor good. 6After digging to a design elevation, Virtual Earth layers the underside hole should be forbidden, imposing a tapping when the need arose. Blasting excavation, rock of the hole should be loose at the end of clearing, hole behind the concrete pour pile body inspection. If the peripheral wall of soil better, without the massive seeps, nurse's not pouring concrete in the last paragraph, which as part of the pile and pile body while pouring, behavior is strong on the whole length of the pile. 7Concrete pour pile body must do a lot of groundwater infiltration, concrete by channeling the tube down to the bottom, when large amounts of water cannot be ruled out, and available methods of underwater bored concrete pile in construction of concrete (when the volume of water exceeds 0.31/sShi, commonly used this method). Conclusion: in addition, the operations team after entering the site before the official posts, project team staff must be on the "third-level" security education (education, enterprise security management team, project, Department of education education), and an education record blocking cards; if your security technology to give the low-down is unclear, incomplete, workers accident occurred, you must hold the responsibility of education or the low-down.